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第十五章

有關石油業的發展史和前景展望可參看下列兩本書:Kenneth Deffeyes寫的Hubbert's Peak:The Impending World Oil Shortage(Princeton, N.J.:Princeton University Press, 2001)和Paul Roberts的The End of Oil(Boston:Houghton Mifflin, 2004)。業界的視角可從一些大型國際石油公司的網站來瞭解, 如雪佛龍德士古的www.chevrontexaco.corn。

有關採礦業的真實情況,讀者可關注幾家主要的礦產公司共同發起的一項名為「Mining, Minerals, and Sustainable Development」的計劃,相關出版物有Breaking New Ground:Mining, Minerals and Sustainable Development(London:Earthscan, 2002);以及Alistair MacDonald的Industry in Transition:A Profile of the North American Mining Sector(Winnipeg:International Institute for Sustainable Development, 2002)。其他數據還有華盛頓礦業政策中心的出版物,如最近更名為Earthworks的雜誌(網址:www.mineralpolicy.org)。探討採礦業環境問題的專著有:Duane Smith的Mining America:The Industry and the Environment, 1800-1980(Boulder:University Press of Colorado, 1993);Thomas Power寫的Lost Landscapes and Failed Economies:The Search for a Value of Place(Washington, D.C.:Island Press, 1996);Jerrold Marcus編輯的Mining Environmental Handbook:Effects of Mining on the Environment and American Environmental Controls on Mining(London:Imperial College Press, 1997);以及Al Gedicks的Resource Rebels:Native Challenges to Mining and Oil Corporations(Cambridge, Mass:South End Press, 2001)。下列兩本書講述了巴布亞新幾內亞布根維爾島銅礦開採業經營失利的情況:M.O'Callaghan寫的Enemies Within:Papua New Guinea, Australia, and the Sandline Crisis:The Inside Story(Sydney:Doubleday, 1999);和Donald Denoon寫的Getting Under the Skin:The Bougainville Copper Agreement and Creation of the Panguna Mine(Melbourne:Melbourne University Press, 2000)。

有關森林認證的信息,請登錄森林管理委員會的網站:www.fscus.org。如果想瞭解森林管理委員會與其他認證系統的區別,可以參閱Saskia Ozinga的Behind the Logs:An Environmental and Social Assessment of Forest Certification Schemes(Moreton-in-Marsh, UK:Fern, 2001)。關於森林砍伐史,可參考下列兩本書:John Perlin的A Forest Journey:The Role of Wood in the Development of Civilization(New York:Norton, 1989)和Michael Williams寫的Deforesting the Earth:From Prehistory to Global Crisis(Chicago:University of Chicago Press, 2003)。

有關漁業養殖證的信息,可以登錄海洋管理委員會的網站:www.msc.org。Howard M.Johnson(網站:www.hmj.com)寫了一系列名為美國水產業的年報(Jacksonville, Ore.:Howard Johnson, annually)。在Jason Clay 的World Agriculture and the Environment:A Commodity-by-Commodity Guide to Impacts and Practices(Washington, D.C.:Island Press, 2004)一書中,有兩章專門探討蝦和鮭魚的水產養殖。有關總體或個別魚類過度捕撈的問題,可以參看下列四本書籍:Mark Kurlansky的Cod:A Biography of the Fish That Changed the World(New York:Walker, 1997);Suzanne Ludicello、Michael Weber與Robert Wreland的Fish, Markets, and the Fishermen:The Economics of Overfishing(Washington, D.C.:Island Press, 1999);David Montgomery寫的King of Fish:The Thousand-Year Run of Salmon(New York:Westview, 2003);以及Daniel Pauly與Jay Maclean的In a Perfect Ocean(Washington, D.C.:Island Press, 2003)。相關論文可參看Jeremy Jackson等人發表的「Historical overfishing and thc recent collapse of coastal ecosystems」(Science 293:629-638(2001))。Ronald Hits等人在他們的報告「Global assessment of organic contaminates in farmed salmon」(Science 303:226-229(2004))中提出人工養殖的三文魚比野生三文魚含有的毒素更高。

如果不瞭解企業在競爭激烈的商界生存的艱難,就很難理解企業採用的環境措施。就這一主題,如下三本書可供參考:Thomas Peters、Robert Waterman Jr合著的In Search of Excellence:Lessons from America's Best-Run Companies(New York:HarperCollins, 1982, republished in 2004);Robert Waterman Jr.的The Renewal Factor:How the Best Get and Keep the Competitive Edge(Toronto:Bantam Books, 1987);以及Robert Waterman Jr.寫的Adhocracy:The Power to Change(New York:Norton, 1990)。

探討企業經營與環境保護兩者如何兼顧的書籍有Tedd Saunders與Loretta McGovern合著的The Bottom Line of Green Is Black:Strategies for Creating Profitable and Environmentally Sound Businesses(San Francisco:HarperSanFrancisco, 1993);以及Jem Bendell編輯的Terms for Endearmen:Business NGOs and Sustainable Development(Sheffield, UK:Greenleaf, 2000)。