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British Bicycles in Spain英國自行車在西班牙

Robert Graves (1895—1985)

葛雷夫斯是英國當代著名詩人。他又是歷史小說家,小說中有《朕,克勞地亞斯》(I, Claudius),Wife to Mr. Milton 等。1957年他還出版了一本They Hanged My Saintly Billy,故事是重述一百年前英國的一樁兇殺案。

在五十年代,葛氏對於考古學大有興趣,寫了The White GoddessThe Nazarene Gospel Restored等。1955年他為企鵝叢書寫了兩厚冊的《希臘神話》(The Greek Myths),完全用人類學考古學的眼光來看希臘神話,發掘傳說故事中的社會意義。這部書對於希臘神話的研究大有貢獻,出版後甚獲好評。

葛雷夫斯著作等身,這裡所選的只是他的雜文中一段。本文原題是「A Bicycle in Majorca,」發表於l957年6月22日的The New Yorker雜誌。Majorca是西班牙所屬地中海一個島,葛氏卜居於此,已歷有年數。這篇文章敘述他孩子的腳踏車失竊的故事,文字輕鬆,挖苦西班牙人,可是不失作者的紳士風度。The New Yorker為美國高級雜誌,文章風格注重高雅(urbanity),英美名作家投稿的很多。

The Spaniards certainly know how to ride bicycles; they are heroic racing cyclists, and the mortality among leaders of the profession is a good deal higher than among bullfighters. A recess at the back of the Palma Cycling Club provides a shrine for one of its members killed on a mountain road during the Tour of Spain—his pedals and shoes hung up beneath a plaque of St. Christopher, with candles perpetually burning. Other members, who have died in lesser contests, are not so commemorated. But we British at least know how to make bicycles. I hasten to say that I am not criticizing Spanish workmanship. The British just happen to be experts in this particular trade; they even export vast quantities of bicycles to the choosy United States.

● 西班牙人是Spaniard,西班牙的是Spanish。英文「某國的人民」(名詞)和「某國的」(形容詞)大致都形式相同,(如Chinese,Japanese等),西班牙是少數例外之一。(波蘭人,Pole;波蘭的,Polish。芬蘭人,Finn;芬蘭的,Finnish。)

● 騎腳踏車的人(不論是賽車專家,或是普通乘騎的人)是cyclist,bicyclist這個字不常用。racing:賽跑的,長距離比賽的。

● mortality:死亡率。bullfighters:鬥牛士。鬥牛士西班牙文為torero(徒步的)或toreador(騎馬的)。鬥牛士易為牛所傷,死亡率頗高;但是賽車這一行(profession)裡面的重要人物,其死亡率之高,遠勝(a good deal higher)於鬥牛士。注意本句中among這個字的用法。

● recess:壁凹。Palma:Majorca島上之城鎮。Cycling Club:自行車協會。一般聯誼性質之社團,英文大多是club,如「留美同學會」為American University Club,「哈佛同學會」為Harvard Club等。

● shrine:神龕。Tour of Spain:環遊西班牙自行車比賽。會裡有一個會員,在一條山路上失事身死。死後會員把他的跑鞋和他的車上的踏腳板掛在會所後面的一座神龕裡,作為紀念。龕裡本來供的是St. Christopher之像,像刻在一塊板(plaque)上,終年蠟燭供養。鞋和踏板掛在神像的底下。

● lesser contests:小規模的比賽,然而亦有失事喪生的。這種人會裡就不這麼隆重地紀念(commemorate)了。

● make:此字重讀。英國人騎車拚命的勁兒,也許趕不上西班牙人,但是英國人至少會造腳踏車。

● workmanship:製造技術。作者是英國人,現在要讚美英國的腳踏車;但是自吹自擂,有失風度,趕快(hasten)聲明,他不是在批評西班牙的腳踏車壞。英國腳踏車製作精良,舉世聞名,作者說話很謙虛,可是讀者不得不承認,他的態度的大方。

● happen:恰巧是。英國人別的東西也許全不行,這一行(製造腳踏車)偏偏是內行。

● choosy:此字普通字典中不載,據猜測當是「好挑剔的」之意。美國人買外國貨,當然挑好的貨;英國腳踏車是美國人所喜歡的。

The Spanish government will not, of course, agree that anyone else in the world can make anything better than Spaniards do, and surely a government\'s business is to foster faith in the nation\'s industrial proficiency. This attitude, however, makes it difficult for a Spaniard or a foreign resident in Spain to import a British bicycle, especially when Spanish sterling reserves are low.

● 本段講西班牙政府不容許英國腳踏車進口。作者對於此事,很可能並不贊同;但是他多用反語(irony),事事就西班牙政府立場說話,結果把西班牙政府挖苦得很慘。

● 西班牙政府當然認為西班牙的國貨,決不會比外國貨差。他們決不會同意,說是別國人造出來的東西會比西班牙人造的好。(注意本句中 anyone else二字,如改用any other nation,就笨得多了。)

● a government\'s business:business是「責任」或「天責」。這字同前面的anyone else相仿,都是口語習用之字,讀之令人起親切之感。如此處改用responsibility等字,句子又要顯得笨了。我們學idiomatic English,主要的是要學這些簡單的字的用法。

● foster faith:培養信心。industrial proficiency:工業技術之(熟練)程度。

● however:此種態度雖好,但是對人民亦有不便之處。makes it中的it指下面to import (進口)…。foreign resident:外僑。

● sterling reserves:英鎊外匯儲存量。low:不足。向英國買東西,就得動用英鎊外匯。國際貿易大約有兩大集團,即英鎊集團(sterling bloc)和美元集團(dollar bloc)是也。美元外匯儲存量是dollar reserves.

Such a person must fill out fifteen forms in quintuplicate, supplying all his own vital statistics, with those of his relations in at least the nearer degrees, and showing a just cause why he should be allowed a British bicycle (despite the hundred-percent Spanish import duty) instead of a much better, locally manufactured machine, which can be bought at half the cost.

● Such a person:申請購買英制腳踏車的人。fill out fifteen forms:填十五種表。in quintuplicate:每種表填同式五份。同式雙份是duplicate,三份是triplicate,四份是quadruplicate。

● vital statistics:世界書局《四用字典》解作「人口統計」。但此詞亦有「履歷」之意:包括出生年月日、出生地點、婚姻狀況等。those of his relations:those仍是statistics。親戚有遠近,以degrees表示之。relations in the nearer degrees:近親或家屬。at least:雖然不致把「三代」「九族」都填進去,至少父母妻子的「履歷」都得要一填的。

● just cause:正當理由。allowed:請求政府批准。注意:allowed後面不必跟 buy等字樣。allow之本身,就含有to have的意思。import duty:進口稅。進口稅高達百分之一百,你還要去申請外匯買賣英國腳踏車,一定有理由,試於表格上詳述之。

● much better:反語。腳踏車是一種machine。

● at half the cost:西班牙制腳踏車價錢只需英國的一半,何況它的品質又比英國的好得多(在西班牙政府看來)。

When he has waited fifteen months for an answer, while sterling reserves continue to fall, the chances are that the answer will be \"We lament to inform you that last year\'s bicycle import quota has already been satisfied; we therefore advise you to fill out the necessary forms in quintuplicate for the present year\'s quota…\" this year which, as a matter of fact, ended three months before.

● 申請表送上去後,如石沉大海。一年零三個月後(同時,西班牙政府外匯更形缺乏,他們更捨不得批准了),批復來了。

● the chances are that:很可能的。

● 引號中文字模仿「官樣文章」。

● lament原意是「悲悼」,這裡只是「深表遺憾」。此字改用regret亦可;regret亦有「悲悼」、「惋惜」之意。import quota:進口定額。satisfied:滿足(額子已滿)。

● the present year\'s quota:本年的進口定額。可是回信離開填發日期已有十五個月,換言之,公文裡的所謂「本年」,已經過了三個月。西班牙政府的「公文旅行」,把事情一擱,就是一年三個月。

The most painless way, therefore, to import a British bicycle, as I learned from a friendly clerk at the Town Hall, is to arrive with it at the frontier, prepared to pay the import duty in cash, and insist on entry.

● painless:作者沒有說申請人的痛苦,這裡用了個painless,前面那種填表、等候,最後還碰了一鼻子灰的痛苦,都包含在內了。

● Town Hall:市政府議事廳;或市政府。

● arrive with it at the frontier:入境的時候,就把車子帶來。prepared是過去分詞。in cash:用現款付。insist on entry:同海關人員交涉,堅持要把車子帶進來。