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前 言

有關世界各地古代文明社會崩潰的比較研究,具有影響力的著作包括Joseph Tainter的The Collapse of Complex Societies(Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1988),Norman Yoffee 和George Cowgill等人編輯的The Collapse of Ancient States and Civilizations(Tucson:University of Arizona Press, 1988)。著重關注於古代社會對環境的衝擊或是這種衝擊在社會崩潰過程中所扮演的角色,這樣的書籍有:Clive Ponting的A Green History of the World:The Environment and the Collapse of Great Civilizations(New York:Penguin, 1991);Charles Redman的Human Impact on Ancient Environments(Tucson:University of Arizona Press, 1999);D.M.Kammen、K.R.Smith、K.T.Rambo和M.A.K.Khalil等人編輯的Preindustrial Human Environmental Impacts:Are There Lessons for Global Change Science and Policy?(Chemosphere, volume 29, no.5, September 1994);還有Charles Redman、Steven James、Paul Fish和J.Daniel Rogers編輯的The Archaeology of Global Change:The Impact of Humans on Their Environment(Washington, D.C.:Smithsonian Books, 2004)。在古代社會比較研究中,以氣候變化為切入點的有如下三本著作:Floods, Famines, and Emperors:El Nino and the Fate of Civilizations(New York:Basic Books, 1999);The Little Ice Age(New York:Basic Books, 2001);以及The Long Summer:How Climate Changed Civilization(New York:Basic Books, 2004)。

涉及國家興衰的比較研究有Peter Turchin的Historical Dynamics:Why States Rise and Fall(Princeton, N.J.:Princeton University Press, 2003),還有Jack Goldstone的Revolution and Rebellion in the Early Modern World(Berkeley:University of California Press, 1991).